Building and Connecting

Impact report on a randomized trial of Reclaiming Employment business coaching and online learning for entrepreneurs

Design

Study Group
165 Adults
Spanning 33 states, all participants were identified as ready to make a business plan.
Structure
Randomized
Assigned to one of three specific intervention pathways:
Referral to free, mainstream business development resources.
Self-guided access to business courses, digital library, and virtual support community.
RElearn plus 12 weekly individual and group peer coaching sessions.
Timeline
12 Weeks
Intervention period followed by a 6-month follow-up survey.

Background

Earlier pilot studies showed that independent use of Reclaiming Employment online program — self‑paced courses, a library of practical business tools, and a supportive online community — improved self-efficacy and business outcomes. However many users wanted more personalized support.

Solution

To meet that need, we developed REcoach, a model that pairs the RE platform with individualized Peer Business Coaching delivered through a 12 week curriculum. We then tested the impact of REcoach compared to independent use (which we called RElearn), and to test both of those against usual access to supports in a Control group.

It gave me a blueprint to start from, automatically increasing my confidence.
— REcoach Research Participant

Evaluation Design

RElearn

Access to the RE online platform including specialized courses, a digital library, and an active community of peers.

REcoach

Full RE platform access plus 12 weekly individual and group coaching sessions led by experienced Peer Business Coaches.

Control

Participants received a comprehensive brochure featuring a curated list of mainstream business resources for comparison.

What We Tested

A total of 165 adults from across 33 U.S. states took part in the study. All identified as having mental health challenges that affected their work life.

Demographic
identified as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color
53%
identified as Latinx
13%
Gender
identified as women
72%
identified as male
16%
transgender, genderqueer, or non-binary
13%
Age
Range in age of the study (years old)
25–75
Education
More than half did not have a college degree
50%+
Income
Household income
58% under $40,000/yr
Support
received SSI or SSDI
24%
used Vocational Rehab
30%
Health
Current Medicaid or Medicare beneficiaries
~50%
Workplace
Reported chronic workplace stress and burnout
58%

The Participants

All participants had a specific business idea they wanted to pursue. Their business ideas were diverse, but their goals were similar:

Goal
Achieving financial self‑sufficiency
88%
Goal
Using lived experience to make a social impact
86%
Goal
Having more control over their work and schedule
85%
Goal
Creating a business aligned with personal values
79%
Goal
Flexibility to accommodate mental health needs
75%

Most planned businesses were in:

Type
Health care, social services, or personal services
51%
Type
Training and education
13%
Type
Arts, entertainment, or recreation
11%

Participant Goals

Finding meaningful work that is spiritually based and flexible has not been easy.
— RE Participant
My goal is to create a business plan that supports the community, my soul care, and my ability to generate income to support independent living.
— RE Participant
As someone with ADHD, I do better with a person, rather than a self paced course.
— RE Participant

Key Findings

The research questions focused on differences in target outcomes between coaching (REcoach), self-directed learning (RElearn), and Control groups.

Evaluation Results

Percentage of Participants who completed a business plan

72%
REcoach
57%
RElearn
39%
Control
The difference in proportion was significantly higher in each of the intervention conditions compared to the control group (Coach vs Control χ2= 10.13(1) , p<.001; Learn vs Control χ2= 2.89(1), p=.045)

Coaching and the platform both helped people complete a business plan.

Coaching led to the strongest progress toward self‑employment goals.

Evaluation Results

Progress Toward Self-Employment

62%
REcoach
35%
RElearn
19%
Control
The difference in proportion was significantly higher each of the intervention conditions compared to the control group, (Coach vs Control χ2=18.82(1), p<.001; Learn vs Control χ2=3.30(1), p=.035)

Participants were asked whether they made “better than expected” progress:

Entrepreneurial Self‑Efficacy (ESE)improved for both intervention groups.

Evaluation Results

Increase in ESE for REcoach and RElearn

REcoach: +0.38
RElearn: +0.20
Control: +0.00
Generalized estimating equations adjust for recruitment wave, baseline report of prior use of formal and informal business supports, and time (baseline, 6-month assessment)

The Coach and Learn groups had significantly greater increases in overall ESE than the Control group.

Evaluation Results

Progress on Business Plan Components

Business Description
4.0
2.6
2.1
Product/Service Description
3.8
2.6
2.1
Marketing Plan
3.3
2.1
1.5
Management & Ops Plan
3.2
2.0
1.6
Financial Plan
2.9
2.0
1.4
Executive Summary
3.0
1.9
1.5
Progress on each of 6 written business plan components was rated from 1-6 (1=Not started, 2=Some progress, 3=About halfway, 4=Substantially done, 5=Complete but could tweak, 6=Fully completed)

Coaching helped people advance further on every part of a business plan.

Engagement with the Program

Login activity

REcoach participants logged in about 3× more often than RElearn (25.9 vs. 8.2 logins).

Duration

REcoach participants stayed active on the platform for twice as long (60 days vs. 31 days) as RElearn.

Attendance

84% of REcoach participants completed all 12 coaching sessions.

84%

would recommend Reclaiming Employment to a friend who is interested in self-employment.

85%

would return to Reclaiming Employment if I needed further support.

85%

of REcoach participants feel more emotionally prepared for self-employment - significantly more than RElearn participants.

Results suggests that coaching helped people stay motivated, connected, and achieve more positive outcomes.

Experiences and Outcomes of REcoach

Coach Interactions

Participants were asked to rate their coach on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) about interactions during the 12 week REcoach program

By Program Expectations
Better than expected
4.7
4.8
4.9
As expected or worse
4.4
4.3
4.4
By Completion Status
Completed
4.8
4.9
4.9
Not completed
4.1
4.0
4.1

Higher scores on Coach assessments were associated with greater goal attainment and completion of a written business plan.

“A blueprint to start from”

What We Learned

This study shows that people with psychiatric disabilities can and do succeed in self-employment when the support actually fits their needs. Both the REcoach and RElearn programs outperformed the control group on every outcome we measured. Coaching made the biggest difference.

Planning is more than a milestone.

A completed business plan isn't just a milestone. It's often a requirement for VR services, Social Security PASS plans, and funding . It's one of the clearest signs someone is ready to launch, but can also help keep business owners on track towards other milestones.

Coaching helped people believe in themselves.

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (the confidence in one's ability to run a business) increased nearly twice as much in REcoach (+0.38) as in RElearn (+0.20), with less change in the control group.

Peer relationships matter.

85% of REcoach participants felt more emotionally prepared for self-employment. Coaches who share lived experience with mental health challenges teach business skills and model what's possible.

"I hope to have a real plan that can actually work and feels like I might survive actually doing it."

— RE Participant

"To be able to interact and network with others and remain curious and creative."

— RE Participant

"I hope to support myself with a living wage"

— RE Participant

"Setting realistic expectations, benchmarks, and the steps to be consistent with it without burnout."

— RE Participant

"My goal is to receive enough clients to be self-sustaining financially and have more freedom in my schedule."

— RE Participant

"My goal is to create a business plan that supports the community, my soul care, and my ability to generate income"

— RE Participant

"To be able to reach out to peers through art therapy."

— RE Participant

"Enjoyable and educational content that hit it right on the mark for what I need to learn and grow to evolve and start my own business."

— RE Participant

"It gave me a foundation to build on."

— RE Participant

"I found the individual and group coaching were so helpful."

— RE Participant

"It gave me insight and knowledge."

— RE Participant

"Good strategic planning information. Reassuring interviews."

— RE Participant

"I loved it and felt overwhelmed often throughout the process."

— RE Participant

"It helped me feel confident in my ability to become self-employed."

— RE Participant

"All the courses helped me create an amazing foundation to really put forth a game plan"

— RE Participant

"knowing it exists and I could come back to it later does provide some reassurance."

— RE Participant

"I found the tools I needed to navigate the details of launching, most of which I was very unaware of."

— RE Participant

"I managed to already start my business with the information and support given, when before I felt intimidated and unsure about how to do so."

— RE Participant

"I have a business plan!"

— RE Participant

"Quite honestly, the coaching, conversation, and encouragement make the difference"

— RE Participant

"It had me thinking of what I want in my business."

— RE Participant

"It helped me stay focused on creating a business plan."

— RE Participant

"I was able to introduce myself and learn."

— RE Participant

"I found the classes and coaching were very helpful."

— RE Participant

"I did not know there was this much support out there."

— RE Participant

"Having a resource to learn from is always helpful."

— RE Participant

"It gave me resources that I can reference once the course is over."

— RE Participant

"I have the confidence that I was lacking moving forward with my business now."

— RE Participant

"I would not have gotten this far without the course."

— RE Participant

"It gave me a blueprint to start from, automatically increasing my confidence."

— RE Participant

"It was helpful to have one-on-one support from a coach in brainstorming ideas for my business and thinking through my goals."

— RE Participant

"It was encouraging to see other mentally ill people creating a business."

— RE Participant

"It answered questions I did not know to ask."

— RE Participant

"I feel there are people in my corner ready to help."

— RE Participant

"It wasn't just the steps but how the steps related to my personal story I found most helpful."

— RE Participant

"It was helpful to have ongoing support with a group and a coach."

— RE Participant

"Confidence and encouragement were key."

— RE Participant

"The courses give very good information and are very encouraging!"

— RE Participant

"Gave me the unknown knowledge of the aspects of starting"

— RE Participant

"For business entrepreneurs, this study is gold. It is practical, clear and helpful."

— RE Participant

"It gave me the confidence and reassurance I am on the right path and that I have a great idea, and also there is a need out there."

— RE Participant

"Reclaiming Employment was helpful because it kept me focused on small chunks of information"

— RE Participant

"It helped with the structure of the plan!"

— RE Participant

What This Means

For too long, people with mental health challenges around work have been underserved by mainstream business resources that weren't designed for diverse learning needs. At the same time, vocational services aren’t necessarily prepared to offer business coaching.

This study demonstrates a more promising model to achieve self-employment outcomes for everyone.

Looking Ahead

What's Next

The results of this study shape what comes next for Reclaiming Employment.

Improving the program.

We're refining the REcoach curriculum based on participant feedback and building a training model so more peer business coaches can be prepared to deliver it.

Reaching vocational rehabilitation.

VR agencies are required to support self-employment as an employment outcome, but too few have the tools to do it well. REcoach offers a ready-made solution. We're working to bring this model into VR systems across the country.

Sharing what we found.

We're publishing our findings in research journals and presenting at conferences so practitioners, policymakers, and peer specialists can put this evidence to work.

Making access more sustainable.

We want RE to be available to anyone who needs it — regardless of income or benefit status. We're exploring partnerships that can make that possible.

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